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Guglielmo Ratcliff
''Guglielmo Ratcliff'' is a tragic opera in four acts by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Andrea Maffei, translated from the German play ''Wilhelm Ratcliff'' (1822) by Heinrich Heine. Mascagni had substantially finished the composition of ''Ratcliff'' before the phenomenal success of his first opera, ''Cavalleria rusticana.''
After the composition and performance of further operas ''L'amico Fritz'' in 1891 and ''I Rantzau'' in 1893, ''Ratcliff'' eventually premiered on 16 February 1895 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan and has been revived a number of times since, including a concert performance in 2003 at the Alice Tully Hall in New York and a staged performance at Wexford Festival Opera in 2015.〔Davis (8 December 2003)〕〔Allison, John (26 October 2015). ("''Koanga'' and ''Guglielmo Ratcliff'', Wexford Fetival, review: 'sultry and luscious'" ). ''Daily Telegraph''. Retrieved 31 October 2015.〕
Mascagni often wrote that ''Ratcliff'' was his best opera. However, it has not entered the standard operatic repertoire, in part because the title role is one of the most taxing tenor parts ever written. It is especially known for its act 3 ''Intermezzo'', which features prominently in the Martin Scorsese film ''Raging Bull''.〔Powrie and Stilwell (2006) p. 21〕 (Heine's play was also used as the basis for César Cui's 1869 opera of the same name and for Volkmar Andreae's 1914 opera ''Ratcliff''.〔Boosey & Hawkes〕)
==Roles==
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